One of the world's most distinguished musical institutions, the Presidential Symphony Orchestra (CSO) has a history spanning nearly two centuries, rooted in the Ottoman imperial ensemble Muzıka-i Hümayun. In 1924, by order of Atatürk, it moved to Ankara as the first musical institution of the Republic. Since 1957 it has toured across Europe, the United States, Russia, the Far East, and the Middle East. It has collaborated with conductors such as Vladimir Fedoseyev and Christian Järvi, and soloists including Yehudi Menuhin, Maxim Vengerov, Angela Gheorghiu, and Fazıl Say. Since the 2020–2021 season, its Music Director is Cemi'i Can Deliorman.